Introduction and purpose: Radiation is a constant hazard in modern medicine, and there is no doubt about its harmful effects. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, practice, and attitudes of radiographers toward radiological protective principles and to provide controlling solutions.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was conducted on 185 radiographers in imaging centers of Khuzestan province, Iran, in 2013. The data were collected using three questionnaires (Demographic, Knowledge, performance, and attitudes toward radiation protection, and an open-ended questionnaire). The participants were chosen through cluster–randomized sampling. The obtained data were analyzed performing Pearson correlation and descriptive tests, using SPSS version 16.  
Results: The mean age of the participants was 33±92 years (age range: 21-55 years). The mean obtained scores for awareness, performance, and attitudes of radiographers were 48.35±14.02, 48.79±18.01, and 76.97±16.01, respectively. No significant relationship was found between age, gender, and experience and knowledge, performance, and attitudes (P>0.05). However, there was a significant positive relationship between participating training courses and knowledge, performance, and attitudes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Knowledge and performance of the samples was in a moderate level, while their attitudes were in a satisfactory level. In addition, the target population was willing to attend training courses, which can raise awareness and improve attitudes and performance of radiologists.