1 2423-6772 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 33 Management of Health Services Satisfaction of Healthcare Team from the Performance of Rural Family Physicians in Northern Provinces of Iran Ashrafian Amiri Hasan b Mikaniiki Ebrahim c Nasrollapour Shirvani Seyeid Davoud d kabir Mohammad javad e Jafari Nahid f Dadashi Arsalan g Mirzaei Mohammad Reza h Naeimi Tabiei Mohammad i b Babol University medical sciences c Babol University medical sciences d Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran e Golestan University medical sciences f Ministry of Health g Guilan University medical sciences h Mazandaran University medical sciences i Golestan University medical sciences 1 6 2015 1 1 1 10 22 12 2014 10 02 2015 Introduction & Purpose: Family physicians (FP) are responsible for providing services through the appropriate management of the personnel in the healthcare team. This study evaluated the satisfaction of healthcare personnel from the performance of rural family physicians in the northern provinces of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in winter 2013 and 25% of centers providing rural insurance and family physician program (139 centers) in three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Guilan were selected by systematic random sampling. All healthcare staffs with at least one-year work experience were enrolled by census method. For data collection a researcher-made questionnaire was used that validity and reliability of it was confirmed in advance. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 at p<0.05 as the significant level. Results: From the 561 subjects, 380 (67.7%) were females. The majority of the participants (48%) had a bachelor’s degree. The average level of satisfaction scores from FPs performance were 3.7±1, 3.5±1, 3.7±1, 3.9±1.1 and 3.5±0.9 in the field of health management (of 5 score), external cooperation, health promotion, prevention and health service provision and health care referral, respectively. There was a significant difference between the level of satisfaction of healthcare staffs among the northern provinces of Iran (P=0.006). Conclusion: The satisfaction of healthcare staffs from FPs performance has been slightly higher than the average level, so appropriate interventional programs should be established and implemented to maintain and improve the functional level of the FPs.  
29 Health Epidemiological Features of under 5 Year Children Mortality in Mazandaran Naghibi Seyed Abdolhasan j Moosazadeh Mahmood k Shojaee Jalil l j Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran k Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran l Ph.D. Student, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 11 19 10 12 2014 21 02 2015 Introduction and Purpose: The mortality rate of children aged less than 5 years is considered as one of the indicators of development and health of a population, so identifying the causes of death of children is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiological features of the causes of death in under 5-year children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the sample size was 184 under 5-year children in which died in the selected cities in the study duration. We collected data by a checklist that its validity and reliability was confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and findings of the study reported in frequency, rates and Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics. Results: The incidence rate of death in under 5-year children was 7.89 per 1000 live births. The most common cause of death was respiratory diseases. Significant number of them had birth weight less than 2500 gr (p<0.001). Birth rank of 52.2% of the study subjects was first (p<0001). In addition, 70.7% of them were born by caesarean operation. The education level of the majority of the parents and the level of household income were low (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that low birth weight, first birth rank, low levels of parents’ education and low level of household income increase the risk of mortality in young children. Moreover, based on the current study results, the majority of child deaths are preventable 37 Health Education and Promotion Evaluation of the Awareness of Marriage Candidates about AIDS in Babol Malekzadeh Rahim m Shabani Fatemeh n Emadi Hamid Reza o Vala Fatane p Nasrollapour Shirvani Seiyed Davoud m Expert in Disease Prevention and Management, Vice-chancellery for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran n Expert in Disease Prevention and Management, Vice-chancellery for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran o General Practitioner, Premarital Counseling Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran p Expert at Premarital Counseling Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 20 27 31 12 2014 21 02 2015 Introduction and purpose: AIDS is a serious threat to the health of communities. Social awareness plays an important role in the prevention of this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness level of marriage candidates about AIDS in Babol, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on young couples (n=732), referring to premarital counseling centers; the subjects were selected via census sampling. Data were collected, using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of six items on demographic characteristics and nine items on AIDS awareness; the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. AIDS awareness (rated as good, medium and weak) was analyzed, using SPSS version 18. Results: The mean age of samples was 24.2±5.7 years. Overall, 54% and 46% of subjects were female and male, respectively. The level of awareness about AIDS in 19.4%, 36.5% and 44.1% of volunteers was poor, medium and good, respectively. Television and radio were the main sources of information in 44.1% of subjects. There was a significant relationship between educational level, age and level of awareness (r=-0.337, P=001 and r=-0.143, P=001, respectively). Also, there was a significant relationship between gender, place of residence, occupational status and level of awareness (P=001). Conclusion: This study showed that still more than half of young men and women do not have enough information about AIDS. Therefore, it is necessary to continue educational programs at the community level.   31 Environmental Health Investigating the Environmental Health and Safety Indices among Schools in Mazandaran Province, Iran Zazouli Mohammad ali Abadi Mohammad hasan Yousefi Maryam Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Health Science Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Health Department of Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 28 34 14 12 2014 21 02 2015 Introduction and purpose: Students spend valuable moments at school that is coincided with growing physically and mentally. So health services including school environmental health has a positive impact on development of health of students and ultimately the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental health and safety of schools in Mazandaran province in 2012. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All primary, middle and high schools in both urban and rural areas were selected by census method. Data were collected using a checklist according to laws and regulations of Ministry of Health and Medical education of Islamic Republic of Iran through interview with principals. The data were analyzed using Excel-2007. Results: The results of this study showed that 90% of drinking fountains, lavatories and toilets were sanitary. Water hygiene, classes’ environment, safety and safekeeping policies, wastewater disposal and solid waste collection and disposal were favorable. But only 35.6% and 46.6% of buffets in urban and rural schools had hygienic environment, relatively.  Conclusion: The studied Schools were relatively healthy places except the condition of more than 50% of schools buffets, which were unsuitable. Thus due to the role of healthy nutrition in students health, this requires more attention of the authorities to hygienic environment of buffets in schools.   35 میکروبیولوژی Assessment of Clostridium perfringens in determination of fecal pollution of drinking water in comparion to indicators bacteria Shahryari Ali Nikaeen Mahnaz Hassnzadeh Akabar Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 35 41 30 12 2014 06 04 2015 Introduction & Purpose: Fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli have been conventionally used as indicators of microbial pollution of drinking water. The European Directive on drinking water quality has recently included Clostridium perfringens as one of the microbiological organisms suitable for using in control of the quality of water for human consumption. This study endeavored to assess the efficacy of Clostridium perfringens in comparison with fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in detection of the microbial pollution of water sources. Methods: In this study, 60 raw water samples were collected from drinking water in the Isfahan province, Iran from May to November 2012. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens were investigated by multiple-tube fermentation technique (MFT) using double-strength medium in 10 series of tubes according to the standard methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 18 at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that 46.2 % of water samples were positive with regard to fecal contamination at least for one bacterial indicator. Clostridium perfringens was the most frequently detected indicator (36.5%), followed by fecal streptococci (34.6%), fecal coliforms (28.8%) and Escherichia coli (25%). According to Pearson’s coefficient, the most significant correlation was found between Clostridium perfringens and fecal streptococci (0.88). Conclusion: Clostridium perfringens is an important indicator for water-quality monitoring in communities, where raw water is used directly for human consumption without purification. Evaluation of the spores of this bacterium can provide an added margin of safety for predicting the microbial quality of drinking water.   40 Occupational Health Ergonomic Evaluation in Rice Mills Workers in Sari in 2014 Etmadinezhad Siavash Ranjbar Fateme Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Occupational Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Sari, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 42 48 24 01 2015 21 02 2015 Introduction and purpose: The occupational musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent work-related diseases and injuries and a leading cause of disability of the workers. The lumbar and cervical regions of spine and the upper extremities are the most affected parts. They might happen due to long-term exposure to the causative agents or acute trauma to the musculoskeletal system, but are usually multi-factorial. In this study, all of the rice-mill workers in Sari were evaluated for musculoskeletal disorders and posture analysis. Methods: In this descriptive study, all of the rice-mill workers in Sari were evaluated (32 persons). Nordic questionnaire was used for evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders and the OWAS method for posture analysis. The data were analyzed using OWAS and SPSS version 17. Results: The mean age of workers was 42.82±9.42 and the mean of work experience was 12.68±5.39 years. The results of Nordic questionnaire showed that 74% of the workers had experienced the musculoskeletal disorders in at least one region of the nine regions of the body. The most complaints localized in low back (50%), knees (40%), and ankle and foot (28%). Moreover, 85 postures were recognized, 32 postures were in level 1 of modification, 16 postures in level 2, 26 postures in level 3 and 11 postures in level 4. Conclusion: The rate of inappropriate postures and musculoskeletal disorders are very high in rice-mill workers in Sari. The interventional ergonomic programs including the engineering controls and workers training are recommended.   23 Environmental Health A Study of the Relationship between Indoor/Outdoor ParticleConcentration in Dena hospital in Shiraz Dehghani Mansooreh Kamali Yosof Shamsedini Narges Ghanbarian Masoud Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences student research committe,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, shiraz, iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 49 55 25 11 2014 21 02 2015 Introduction & Purpose: The quality of Indoor air is important particularly in health care facilities. One of the most important factors affecting the air quality is aerosols transferring microorganisms and deposits to the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of suspended particles in outdoor and indoor ‎of Dena hospital and determine the relationship between these parameters.‎ Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in Dena hospital in Shiraz in 2012 by collecting 315 samples for analysis. Sampling was performed by an Aerosol Mass Monitor sampler, (Model GT-331, Japan) to ‎measure the particle concentration of PM10 and PM2.5. The concentration of indoor suspended particles ‎in air in different wards of the hospital were measured and compared with hospital outdoor particles. The data ‎were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: The findings showed that average PM10 in the air in hospital wards as well as all outdoor air samples were significantly lower than the 24-hour WHO and the 24-hour USEPA standards (p<0.001). Significant relationships were observed between the average concentrations of PM2.5 in all the sampling sites ‎and the 24-hour WHO and the USEPA standards (p<0.001‎)‎. Conclusion: The concentration of suspended particulate in indoor air was lower than outdoor air that represents the appropriate function of the sectors ventilation systems.   25 Lipidomics: From Establishment to Applications in Health Studies Varmira Kambiz Moradi Samaneh Khodarahmi Reza Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Molecular Biology Reserch Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 1 6 2015 1 1 56 66 29 11 2014 11 03 2015 Omics, referred to a part of biological science that evaluates information, systematically and broadly. Although initially genomics and proteomics have been focused, but along on advances in analytical instruments, potential capabilities of subfields such as Lipidomics recognized, increasingly. Lipidomics studies have been largely able to change the past limited viewpoint to lipids as basic components of cell structure and sources of energy. For instance, to date results of several Lipidomics studies have confirmed the role of lipids as cell messengers, antigenic agents, cell integrator. New insights on function of lipids and potential features of Lipidomics, was followed by using of these studies to information synergy with genomics and proteomics, as well as developments in pharmaceutical-medicine fields. By consider of limited development of this scientific field in Iran, in this article we try to introduce the needed tools and applications of lipidomics.