Journal of health research in community
مجله تحقیقات سلامت در جامعه
J Health Res Commun
Medical Sciences
http://jhc.mazums.ac.ir
1
admin
2423-6772
2423-6764
8
10.32598
14
8888
13
fa
jalali
1394
12
1
gregorian
2016
3
1
1
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
برآورد تعداد موارد مرگ ناشی از بیماری های قلبی - عروقی و تنفسی منتسب به آلایندههای ازن و دی اکسید نیـتروژن در هوای شهر تهران
Estimation the Number of Mortality Due to Cardiovascular and Respiratory disease, Attributed to pollutants O3, and NO2 in the Air of Tehran.
بهداشت محیط زیست
Environmental Health
پژوهشي-کامل
Research(Original)
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">مقدمه و هدف:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> امروزه یکی از مهم</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ترین مشکلات زیست</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">محیطی د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر بسیاری از شهرهای بزرگ، وضعیت نامطلوب کیفیت هوا می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">باشد که سلامت ساکنین را به</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">طور جد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ی به خطر می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ازد و موجب ایجاد طیف وسیعی از اثرات بهد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اشتی حاد و مزمن می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">شود. از این رو مطالعه حاضر، با هد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ف کمی</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">سازی و برآورد اثرات بهد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اشتی منتسب به آلایند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ی اکسید نیتروژن و ازن د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر کلانشهر تهران د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر سال 1392 با استفاد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه از مد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ل</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AirQ</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> انجام شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">روش کار:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر این مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی، داد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">های مورد نیاز از سازمان محیط زیست و شرکت کنترل کیفیت هوای شهر تهران اخذ گرد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ید. این داد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ها توسط نرم</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">افزار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Excel</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">پرد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ازش و به مد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ل </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">AirQ</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> وارد شد. سپس خطر نسبی، بروز پایه و جزء منتسب برآورد شد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه و د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر نهایت نتایج کلی به</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">صورت موارد مرگ و میر د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر قالب جد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اول و نمود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ار ارائه شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">یافته</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ها:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> متوسط غلظت سالیانه د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ی اکسید نیتروژن و ازن د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر شهر تهران، به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ترتیب 130 و 64 میکروگرم بر متر مکعب مشاهد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه شد. طبق نتایج با د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر نظر گرفتن بروز پایه 5/543 در هر 100000 نفر، تعد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اد تجمعی موارد کل مرگ منتسب به آلایند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">های د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ی اکسید نیتروژن و ازن به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ترتیب 1593 و 946 برآورد گرد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ید که حد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ود 66/2 د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">رصد و 58/1 د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">رصد از کل مرگ</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">های شهر تهران به غیر از تصاد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">فات را به خود اختصاص د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">نتیجه</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">گیری:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> نتایج نشانگر اثرات بهد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اشتی منتسب به آلایند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ی اکسید نیتروژن و ازن شامل کل مرگ و میر، مرگ</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">های قلبی-عروقی و تنفسی و بستری د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر بیمارستان به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">علت بیماری انسد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">اد مزمن ریوی د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر کلانشهر تهران بود که حاکی از افزایش آلایند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">های مذکور و آلود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">گی هوای ناشی از آنها د</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">ر هوای شهر تهران است که نیازمند توجه هر چه بیشتر مسئولین و متخصصین امر جهت کنترل آلود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">گی هوا می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><span lang="FA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<p align="center" dir="RTL"></p><p dir="RTL" style="text-align: left;"></p><p></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Introduction and <span style="text-transform:uppercase">p</span>urpose: </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Nowadays, the air quality in many major cities is one of the most important environmental problems that seriously compromises the health of residents and causes a range of acute and chronic health effects. Therefore, this study was aimed to quantify and estimate the health effects related to the pollutants NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in metropolis of Tehran in 2014 was done by AirQ model.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Methods: </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Data acquired were collected from the environmental organization and the center of air quality control in Tehran. This data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel software, and the processed data was entered AirQ model. The relative risk, baseline incidence and the attributed proportion was estimated and the overall results in case of mortality and morbidity were presented in tables and graphs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Results:</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> The results showed that the average annual concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in Tehran, was respectively 130 and 64 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. According to the results with baseline incidence of 543.5 per 100,000, the total cumulative number of mortalities attributed to nitrogen dioxide and ozone, were estimated respectively to be 1593 and 946, that included about 2.66% and 1.58% of total mortalities except traffic accidents in Tehran.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">Our results showed that the level of air pollution has increased in Tehran, which requires more attention of authorities and policy makers to control the air pollution.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:15.0pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color:black"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
</p>
آلودگی هوا, ازن, بهداشت هوا, دی اکسید نیتروژن, مدل AirQ
Air pollution, Air Health, AirQ, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone
1
11
http://jhc.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4404-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Majid
Kermani
مجید
کرمانی
Majidkermani@yahoo.com
100319475328460010399
100319475328460010399
No
1- Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
استادیار گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
Sevda
Fallah jokandan
سودا
فلاح جوکندان
Fallah.sevda@yahool.com
100319475328460010398
100319475328460010398
Yes
MSc Students of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران
Mina
Aghaei
مینا
آقائی
Aghaei.mina11@yahoo.com
100319475328460010400
100319475328460010400
No
3- MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
کارشناس ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران
Mohsen
Dolati
محسن
دولتی
Mohsendowlati.69@gmail.com
100319475328460010401
100319475328460010401
No
4- MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
کارشناس ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران